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DIAGNOSIS > Biopsy
BIOPSY
What is a biopsy?
A lump or other change in the breast is not necessarily a sign of cancer. There are many breast conditions that are benign, or noncancerous.
To know for sure, your doctor may require a breast biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample that can be checked in a lab for signs of cancer. This is the only way to be certain that a breast problem is breast cancer.
The experience of a biopsy will be different depending on what type is required. If a biopsy is recommended for you, find out what type of biopsy you will be having so you know what to expect. The main types are described below.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
A fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) may be done to remove some cells from a breast lump or lymph node. A thin needle is inserted to reach the affected area. A syringe is used to draw out (aspirate) the cells that will be sent for examination. If cancer is diagnosed by an FNA, it is not possible to say whether it is invasive or not.
You may experience temporary bleeding or soreness from the needle wound.
Core biopsy
A core biopsy removes a sample of affected breast cells and of the tissue surrounding them. Core biopsies are often performed using x-ray or ultrasound guidance. The breast is anesthetized to dull the discomfort.
A core biopsy can distinguish between invasive and non-invasive breast cancers.
You may experience temporary swelling, bleeding, or soreness from the needle wound. There may also be minor bruising.
Surgical biopsy
A surgical biopsy is an operation to remove the breast tissue that is needed for testing. Depending on the nature and location of the lump or breast change, a surgical biopsy may be the best option. A surgical biopsy may remove all or part of the lump or affected area, and may also remove a small amount of the surrounding normal tissue.
A local anesthetic may be used to numb the area, or the procedure may be done under general anesthetic.
You may experience temporary swelling, bleeding, or soreness from the surgical wound. There may be minor bruising. There will also be a scar at the site of the surgery that tends to fade with time.
Biopsy results
After the tissue sample has been examined in the lab, your doctor will receive a report stating whether the tissue is benign (not cancer), cancerous, or if the result is not certain. Your doctor will discuss the results with you, including whether any follow-up is necessary.
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